Public Policies, Nutritional Food Security and Sustainable Development Goals in Latin America

The article analyzes food and nutrition security (FNS) in Latin America, where, despite being one of the largest food-producing regions, inequalities persist in access to nutritious foods, mainly affecting vulnerable groups. This work explores public policies to improve FNS within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, especially SDG 2, which promotes “Zero Hunger” and sustainable agriculture. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies in the region and their alignment with the SDGs, identifying factors that facilitate or limit their success. A systematic review of documents from 2015 to 2024 was conducted, using PRISMA guidelines to select quality studies. Sources include academic databases and documents from international organizations. Twenty-five relevant studies were identified, demonstrating advances in FNS policies in some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico, although significant challenges remain. Interventions focus on reducing malnutrition and promoting sustainable food systems, though their effectiveness is heterogeneous due to socioeconomic inequalities and structural limitations. It is concluded that, although there has been progress in FNS in Latin America, integrated and adaptive policies are needed to address challenges of inequality and sustainability, especially in rural and indigenous communities. This analysis suggests that agroecological practices and intersectoral collaboration could strengthen FNS in the region.